简介

LAMP是由Linux、Apache、MySQL和PHP建立的web应用平台。

本文主要介绍了在天翼云上如何使用弹性云主机的Linux实例手工搭建LAMP平台的web环境。该指导具体操作以CentOS 7.8 64位操作系统为例。

前提条件

1、弹性云主机已绑定弹性公网IP。

2、弹性云主机所在安全组添加了如下表所示的安全组规则

资源规划

本次实践所用的资源配置及软件版本如下表中所示。当您使用不同的硬件规格或软件版本时，本指导中的命令及参数可能会发生改变，需要您根据实际情况进行调整。

操作步骤

1、安装Apache。

a.登录弹性云主机。

b.使用root用户执行以下命令更新软件包，并安装Apache。

yum -y updateyum -y install httpd

c.执行以下命令，验证Apache的安装版本。

httpd -v

回显如下类似信息：

Server version：Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)Server built：  May 30 2023 14:01:11

d.依次执行以下命令，启动Apache服务并设置开机自启动。

systemctl start httpd

systemctl enable httpd

e.使用浏览器访问“http://服务器IP地址”，显示如下页面，说明Apache安装成功。

2、安装MySQL。

a.依次执行以下命令，安装MySQL。

wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
yum -y install mysql-community-server --nogpgcheck

b.执行以下命令，验证MySQL的安装版本。

mysql -V

回显如下类似信息：

mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.44, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

c.依次执行以下命令，启动MySQL服务并设置开机自启动。

systemctl start mysqld

systemctl enable mysqld

d.查看MySQL运行状态。

systemctl status mysqld.service

[root@ecs-adc3 ~]# systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2023-10-31 19:33:40 CST; 36s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
 Main PID: 7916 (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─7916 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

Aug 16 19:33:35 ecs-adc3 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Aug 16 19:33:40 ecs-adc3 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

e.执行以下命令，获取安装MySQL时自动设置的root用户密码。

grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

回显如下类似信息。

2023-10-31T11:53:08.691748Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 2YY?3uHUA?Ys

f.执行以下命令，并按照回显提示信息进行操作，加固MySQL。

mysql_secure_installation

Securing the MySQL server deployment.

Enter password for user root:    #输入上一步骤中获取的安装MySQL时自动设置的root用户密码
The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.

New password:  #设置新的root用户密码

Re-enter new password:   #再次输入密码
The 'validate_password' plugin is installed on the server.
The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration of the plugin.
Using existing password for root.

Estimated strength of the password: 100
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N   #是否更改root用户密码，输入N

 ... skipping.
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y   #是否删除匿名用户，输入Y
Success.

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y   #禁止root远程登录，输入Y
Success.

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y   #是否删除test库和对它的访问权限，输入Y
 - Dropping test database...
Success.

 - Removing privileges on test database...
Success.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y   #是否重新加载授权表，输入Y
Success.

All done!

3、安装PHP。

a.依次执行以下命令，安装PHP 7和一些所需的PHP扩展。

rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/epel-release.rpm
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
yum -y install php70w-devel php70w.x86_64 php70w-cli.x86_64 php70w-common.x86_64 php70w-gd.x86_64 php70w-ldap.x86_64 php70w-mbstring.x86_64 php70w-mcrypt.x86_64 php70w-pdo.x86_64 php70w-mysqlnd php70w-fpm php70w-opcache php70w-pecl-redis php70w-pecl-mongodb

b.执行以下命令，验证PHP的安装版本。

php -v

回显如下类似信息：

PHP 7.0.33 (cli) (built: Dec 6 2018 22:30:44) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2017 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.0.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2017 Zend Technologies

c.执行以下命令，启动PHP服务并设置开机自启动。

systemctl start php-fpm

systemctl enable php-fpm

4、浏览器访问测试。

a.在/var/www/html/目录下创建“info.php”的测试页面。

1.执行以下命令创建并打开“info.php”的测试文件。

vim /var/www/html/info.php

2.按i键进入编辑模式。

3.修改打开的“info.php”文件，将如下内容写入文件。

<?php
 phpinfo();
?>

4.按Esc键退出编辑模式，并输入:wq保存后退出。

b.执行以下命令，重启Apache服务。

systemctl restart httpd

c.使用浏览器访问“http://服务器IP地址/info.php”，显示如下页面，说明环境搭建成功。