简介
本文主要介绍了在天翼云上如何使用弹性云主机的Linux实例手工搭建LNMP平台的web环境。该指导具体操作以CentOS 7.2 64位操作系统为例。
Linux实例手工部署LNMP环境具体操作步骤如下：
1.安装nginx。
2.安装MySQL。
3.安装PHP。
4.浏览器访问测试。
前提条件
1.弹性云主机已绑定弹性公网IP。
2.弹性云主机所在安全组添加了如下表所示的安全组规则，具体步骤参见为安全组添加安全组规则。
表 安全组规则
| 方向 | 协议/应用 | 端口/范围 | 源地址 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 入方向 | HTTP(80) | 80 | 0.0.0.0/0 |
操作步骤
1.安装nginx。
a.登录弹性云主机。
b.执行以下命令，下载对应当前系统版本的nginx包。
wget http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
c.执行以下命令，建立Nginx的yum仓库。
rpm -ivh nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
d.执行以下命令，安装Nginx。
yum -y install nginx
e.执行以下命令，启动Nginx并设置开机启动。
systemctl start nginx
systemctl enable nginx
f.查看启动状态。
systemctl status nginx.service
g.使用浏览器访问“http://服务器IP地址”，显示如下页面，说明nginx安装成功。
图 测试访问nginx
2.安装MySQL。
a.依次执行以下命令，安装MySQL。
wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
yum -y install mysql-community-server --nogpgcheck
b.依次执行以下命令，启动MySQL服务并设置开机自启动。
systemctl start mysqld
systemctl enable mysqld
c.查看MySQL运行状态。
systemctl status mysqld.service
[root@ecs-adc3 ~]# systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-08-16 19:33:40 CST; 36s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Main PID: 7916 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─7916 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
Aug 16 19:33:35 ecs-adc3 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Aug 16 19:33:40 ecs-adc3 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
d.执行以下命令，获取安装MySQL时自动设置的root用户密码。
grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
回显如下类似信息。
2018-08-29T07:27:37.541944Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 2YY?3uHUA?Ys
e.执行以下命令，并按照回显提示信息进行操作，加固MySQL。
mysql_secure_installation
Securing the MySQL server deployment.
Enter password for user root: #输入上一步骤中获取的安装MySQL时自动设置的root用户密码
The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.
New password: #设置新的root用户密码
Re-enter new password: #再次输入密码
The 'validate_password' plugin is installed on the server.
The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration of the plugin.
Using existing password for root.
Estimated strength of the password: 100
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N #是否更改root用户密码，输入N
... skipping.
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.
Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y #是否删除匿名用户，输入Y
Success.
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y #禁止root远程登录，输入Y
Success.
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y #是否删除test库和对它的访问权限，输入Y
- Dropping test database...
Success.
- Removing privileges on test database...
Success.
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y #是否重新加载授权表，输入Y
Success.
All done!
3.安装PHP。
a.依次执行以下命令，安装PHP 7和一些所需的PHP扩展。
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/epel-release.rpm
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
yum -y install php70w-tidy php70w-common php70w-devel php70w-pdo php70w-mysql php70w-gd php70w-ldap php70w-mbstring php70w-mcrypt php70w-fpm
b.执行以下命令，验证PHP的安装版本。
php -v
回显如下类似信息：
PHP 7.0.31 (cli) (built: Jul 20 2018 08:55:22) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2017 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.0.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2017 Zend Technologies
c.执行以下命令，启动PHP服务并设置开机自启动。
systemctl start php-fpm
systemctl enable php-fpm
d.修改Nginx配置文件以支持PHP。
1.执行以下命令打开配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf。
vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
图 nginx.conf
从nginx.conf可以看出，配置文件定向至/etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf。
2.输入:quit退出nginx.conf。
3.执行以下命令打开配置文件/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf。
vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
4.按i键进入编辑模式。
5.修改打开的“default.conf”文件。
找到server段落，修改或添加下列配置信息。
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.php index.html index.htm; }
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/share/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
图 修改后截图
6.按Esc键退出编辑模式，并输入:wq保存后退出。
e.执行以下命令，重新载入nginx的配置文件。
service nginx reload
4.浏览器访问测试。
a.在/usr/share/nginx/html/目录下创建“info.php”的测试页面。
1.执行以下命令创建并打开“info.php”的测试文件。
vim /usr/share/nginx/html/info.php
2.按i键进入编辑模式。
3.修改打开的“info.php”文件，将如下内容写入文件。
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
4.按Esc键退出编辑模式，并输入:wq保存后退出。
b.使用浏览器访问“http://服务器IP地址/info.php”，显示如下页面，说明环境搭建成功。
