最短的桥。在给定的二维二进制数组 A 中,存在两座岛。(岛是由四面相连的 1 形成的一个最大组。)现在,我们可以将 0 变为 1,以使两座岛连接起来,变成一座岛。返回必须翻转的 0 的最小数目。(可以保证答案至少是 1 。)
宽度优先遍历。找到第一个岛,广播一次,增加一层,碰到第二个岛为止。层数就是需要的返回值。
时间复杂度:O(NM)。
空间复杂度:O(NM)。
代码用golang编写。代码如下:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"math"
)
func main() {
m := [][]int{{0, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 1}}
ret := shortestBridge(m)
fmt.Println(ret)
}
func shortestBridge(m [][]int) int {
N := len(m)
M := len(m[0])
all := N * M
island := 0
curs := make([]int, all)
nexts := make([]int, all)
records := make([][]int, 2)
for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
records[i] = make([]int, all)
}
for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
for j := 0; j < M; j++ {
if m[i][j] == 1 { // 当前位置发现了1!
// 把这一片的1,都变成2,同时,抓上来了,这一片1组成的初始队列
// curs, 把这一片的1到自己的距离,都设置成1了,records
queueSize := infect(m, i, j, N, M, curs, 0, records[island])
V := 1
for queueSize != 0 {
V++
// curs里面的点,上下左右,records[点]==0, nexts
queueSize = bfs(N, M, all, V, curs, queueSize, nexts, records[island])
tmp := curs
curs = nexts
nexts = tmp
}
island++
}
}
}
min := math.MaxInt64
for i := 0; i < all; i++ {
min = getMin(min, records[0][i]+records[1][i])
}
return min - 3
}
func getMin(a int, b int) int {
if a < b {
return a
} else {
return b
}
}
// 当前来到m[i][j] , 总行数是N,总列数是M
// m[i][j]感染出去(找到这一片岛所有的1),把每一个1的坐标,放入到int[] curs队列!
// 1 (a,b) -> curs[index++] = (a * M + b)
// 1 (c,d) -> curs[index++] = (c * M + d)
// 二维已经变成一维了, 1 (a,b) -> a * M + b
// 设置距离record[a * M +b ] = 1
func infect(m [][]int, i int, j int, N int, M int, curs []int, index int, record []int) int {
if i < 0 || i == N || j < 0 || j == M || m[i][j] != 1 {
return index
}
// m[i][j] 不越界,且m[i][j] == 1
m[i][j] = 2
p := i*M + j
record[p] = 1
// 收集到不同的1
curs[index] = p
index++
index = infect(m, i-1, j, N, M, curs, index, record)
index = infect(m, i+1, j, N, M, curs, index, record)
index = infect(m, i, j-1, N, M, curs, index, record)
index = infect(m, i, j+1, N, M, curs, index, record)
return index
}
// 二维原始矩阵中,N总行数,M总列数
// all 总 all = N * M
// V 要生成的是第几层 curs V-1 nexts V
// record里面拿距离
func bfs(N int, M int, all int, V int, curs []int, size int, nexts []int, record []int) int {
nexti := 0 // 我要生成的下一层队列成长到哪了?
for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
// curs[i] -> 一个位置
up := twoSelectOne(curs[i] < M, -1, curs[i]-M)
down := twoSelectOne(curs[i]+M >= all, -1, curs[i]+M)
left := twoSelectOne(curs[i]%M == 0, -1, curs[i]-1)
right := twoSelectOne(curs[i]%M == M-1, -1, curs[i]+1)
if up != -1 && record[up] == 0 {
record[up] = V
nexts[nexti] = up
nexti++
}
if down != -1 && record[down] == 0 {
record[down] = V
nexts[nexti] = down
nexti++
}
if left != -1 && record[left] == 0 {
record[left] = V
nexts[nexti] = left
nexti++
}
if right != -1 && record[right] == 0 {
record[right] = V
nexts[nexti] = right
nexti++
}
}
return nexti
}
func twoSelectOne(c bool, a int, b int) int {
if c {
return a
} else {
return b
}
}
执行结果如下: