使用percentile计算分位点：

import numpy as np

data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, ]
print(np.percentile(data, 50)) # 50% 分位点
print(np.percentile(data, 20)) # 20% 分位点

在此基础上，可以使用如下函数得到分位点对应的区间：

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd


def transfer_value(series: pd.Series):
    type_value = pd.Series(data=4, index=series.index)
    value_5 = np.percentile(series.values, 5)
    value_20 = np.percentile(series.values, 20)
    value_75 = np.percentile(series.values, 75)
    type_value[series < value_75] = 3 # 将低于75分位点的标记为3
    type_value[series < value_20] = 2 # 将低于20分位点的标记为2
    type_value[series < value_5] = 1 # 将低于5分位点的标记为1
    return type_value


if __name__ == '__main__':
    data = pd.Series(range(11))
    print(transfer_value(data))