题目

You are given an n x n 2D matrix representing an image, rotate the image by 90 degrees (clockwise).

You have to rotate the image in-place, which means you have to modify the input 2D matrix directly. DO NOT allocate another 2D matrix and do the rotation.

Example 1:

Input: matrix = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]
Output: [[7,4,1],[8,5,2],[9,6,3]]

Example 2:

Input: matrix = [[5,1,9,11],[2,4,8,10],[13,3,6,7],[15,14,12,16]]
Output: [[15,13,2,5],[14,3,4,1],[12,6,8,9],[16,7,10,11]]

Constraints:

• n == matrix.length == matrix[i].length
• 1 <= n <= 20
• -1000 <= matrix[i][j] <= 1000

思路

先倒转矩阵的行，随后沿[0, 0] -> [n-1, n-1]为中位线互换矩阵的元素即可。

代码

python版本：

class Solution:
    def rotate(self, matrix: List[List[int]]) -> None:
        """
        Do not return anything, modify matrix in-place instead.
        """
        matrix.reverse()
        for i in range(len(matrix)):
            for j in range(i, len(matrix[i])):
                matrix[i][j], matrix[j][i] = matrix[j][i], matrix[i][j]