Spring Boot Application的启动过程 - 加载应用上下文-天翼云

背景

应用基于spring-boot-starter-web起步依赖，使用默认tomcat内置应用服务器。
应用依赖的版本：Spring Boot (2.1.5.RELEASE)，Spring (5.1.7.RELEASE)。
本文对Spring Boot Application启动过程中的核心方法进行了梳理，以帮助大家了解Spring Boot应用启动的大致过程。
本文只是粘贴了相关代码，并未对每个方法进行深入分析。

注意区分 BeanDefinition Instantiation Initializtion

1. Spring ApplicationContext核心类图

接口浅蓝色
ApplicationContext相关类为绿色
BeanFactory相关接口为深蓝色

2. Spring Boot Application启动过程中的核心步骤

org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication#run(java.lang.String…)
org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext#refresh
org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext#prepareBeanFactory
org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext#invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors
org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext#registerBeanPostProcessors
org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext#onRefresh
org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext#finishBeanFactoryInitialization
org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory#preInstantiateSingletons
org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory#doGetBean
org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#createBean(java.lang.String, org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition, java.lang.Object[])
org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#doCreateBean
org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#populateBean
org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#initializeBean(java.lang.String, java.lang.Object, org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition)

3. 应用启动类：SpringApplication#run

这段代码包含了Spring Boot应用启动的主流程，其中在流程的关键环节会触发应用事件，所有的关键事件在代码中都添加了注释。

/**
 * Run the Spring application, creating and refreshing a new
 * {@link ApplicationContext}.
 * @param args the application arguments (usually passed from a Java main method)
 * @return a running {@link ApplicationContext}
 */
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
	StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
	stopWatch.start();
	ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
	Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>();
	configureHeadlessProperty();
	SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
	// 1. starting event
	listeners.starting();
	try {
		ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
				args);
		// 2. environment prepared event
		ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
				applicationArguments);
		configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
		Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
		context = createApplicationContext();
		exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(
				SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,
				new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context);
		// 3. applyInitializers : org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer
		// 4. context prepared event & 5. context loaded event
		prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
				printedBanner);
		// multicast event org.springframework.context.event.ContextRefreshedEvent when refresh finished.
		refreshContext(context);
		afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
		stopWatch.stop();
		if (this.logStartupInfo) {
			new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
					.logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
		}
		// 6. application started event
		listeners.started(context);
		callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
	}
	catch (Throwable ex) {
		// 7. start failured event
		handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners);
		throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
	}

	try {
		// 8. running event
		listeners.running(context);
	}
	catch (Throwable ex) {
		handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null);
		throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
	}
	return context;
}

4. 核心逻辑：更新应用上下文（AbstractApplicationContext#refresh）

应用启动的一个重要环节就是应用上下文（Application Context）的启动，下面的代码包含了其核心逻辑。

注意以下两个接口的区别：
org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor
org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor

@Override
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
	synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
		// Prepare this context for refreshing.
		prepareRefresh();

		// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
		ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

		// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
		prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

		try {
			// Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
			postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

			// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
			invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

			// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
			registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

			// Initialize message source for this context.
			initMessageSource();

			// Initialize event multicaster for this context.
			initApplicationEventMulticaster();

			// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
			onRefresh();

			// Check for listener beans and register them.
			registerListeners();

			// 实例化所有剩余的(非惰性初始化)单例
			// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
			finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

			// Last step: publish corresponding event.
			finishRefresh();
		}

		catch (BeansException ex) {
			if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
				logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
						"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
			}

			// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
			destroyBeans();

			// Reset 'active' flag.
			cancelRefresh(ex);

			// Propagate exception to caller.
			throw ex;
		}

		finally {
			// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
			// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
			resetCommonCaches();
		}
	}
}

4.1 准备BeanFactory：AbstractApplicationContext#prepareBeanFactory

重点关注 ApplicationContextAwareProcessor 类，这个一个 BeanPostProcessor，所有实现了 EnvironmentAware，EmbeddedValueResolverAware， ResourceLoaderAware， ApplicationEventPublisherAware， MessageSourceAware，ApplicationContextAware 接口的Bean，都是通过这个类进行设值的。

关注 ApplicationListenerDetector 类，该类将所有实现 ApplicationListener 接口的 Bean 注册为 ApplicationContext 的事件监听器。
如果要监听 ApplicationContext 的事件，只需要实现 org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener 接口添加事件处理逻辑，并注册 Bean即可。

可参考 org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor 实现。

org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext#prepareBeanFactory

/**
 * Configure the factory's standard context characteristics,
 * such as the context's ClassLoader and post-processors.
 * @param beanFactory the BeanFactory to configure
 */
protected void prepareBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
	// Tell the internal bean factory to use the context's class loader etc.
	beanFactory.setBeanClassLoader(getClassLoader());
	beanFactory.setBeanExpressionResolver(new StandardBeanExpressionResolver(beanFactory.getBeanClassLoader()));
	beanFactory.addPropertyEditorRegistrar(new ResourceEditorRegistrar(this, getEnvironment()));

	// Configure the bean factory with context callbacks.
	beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(new ApplicationContextAwareProcessor(this));
	beanFactory.ignoreDependencyInterface(EnvironmentAware.class);
	beanFactory.ignoreDependencyInterface(EmbeddedValueResolverAware.class);
	beanFactory.ignoreDependencyInterface(ResourceLoaderAware.class);
	beanFactory.ignoreDependencyInterface(ApplicationEventPublisherAware.class);
	beanFactory.ignoreDependencyInterface(MessageSourceAware.class);
	beanFactory.ignoreDependencyInterface(ApplicationContextAware.class);

	// BeanFactory interface not registered as resolvable type in a plain factory.
	// MessageSource registered (and found for autowiring) as a bean.
	beanFactory.registerResolvableDependency(BeanFactory.class, beanFactory);
	beanFactory.registerResolvableDependency(ResourceLoader.class, this);
	beanFactory.registerResolvableDependency(ApplicationEventPublisher.class, this);
	beanFactory.registerResolvableDependency(ApplicationContext.class, this);

	// Register early post-processor for detecting inner beans as ApplicationListeners.
	beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(new ApplicationListenerDetector(this));

	// Detect a LoadTimeWeaver and prepare for weaving, if found.
	if (beanFactory.containsBean(LOAD_TIME_WEAVER_BEAN_NAME)) {
		beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(new LoadTimeWeaverAwareProcessor(beanFactory));
		// Set a temporary ClassLoader for type matching.
		beanFactory.setTempClassLoader(new ContextTypeMatchClassLoader(beanFactory.getBeanClassLoader()));
	}

	// Register default environment beans.
	if (!beanFactory.containsLocalBean(ENVIRONMENT_BEAN_NAME)) {
		beanFactory.registerSingleton(ENVIRONMENT_BEAN_NAME, getEnvironment());
	}
	if (!beanFactory.containsLocalBean(SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_BEAN_NAME)) {
		beanFactory.registerSingleton(SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_BEAN_NAME, getEnvironment().getSystemProperties());
	}
	if (!beanFactory.containsLocalBean(SYSTEM_ENVIRONMENT_BEAN_NAME)) {
		beanFactory.registerSingleton(SYSTEM_ENVIRONMENT_BEAN_NAME, getEnvironment().getSystemEnvironment());
	}
}

4.2 调用BeanFactoryPostProcessor

调用所有注册的BeanFactoryPostProcessor。该过程主要是加载基于自动配置方式注册的Bean Definition，核心类ConfigurationClassPostProcessor。可参考[SBIA-18] - ConfigurationClassPostProcessor 的处理逻辑 - 基于注解的 bean 定义加载过程。

可以通过BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor或ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar方式注册自定义Bean。可参考[SBIA-19] - 如何动态添加 Bean Definition。

org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext#invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors

/**
	 * Instantiate and invoke all registered BeanFactoryPostProcessor beans,
	 * respecting explicit order if given.
	 * <p>Must be called before singleton instantiation.
	 */
	protected void invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
		PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory, getBeanFactoryPostProcessors());

		// Detect a LoadTimeWeaver and prepare for weaving, if found in the meantime
		// (e.g. through an @Bean method registered by ConfigurationClassPostProcessor)
		if (beanFactory.getTempClassLoader() == null && beanFactory.containsBean(LOAD_TIME_WEAVER_BEAN_NAME)) {
			beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(new LoadTimeWeaverAwareProcessor(beanFactory));
			beanFactory.setTempClassLoader(new ContextTypeMatchClassLoader(beanFactory.getBeanClassLoader()));
		}
	}

4.3 注册BeanPostProcessor

从 BeanFactory 中查找所有类型为 BeanPostProcessor 的 bean definition，实例化并注册 bean。其注册优先级按类型 PriorityOrdered > Ordered > the rest. 且MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor的优先级低于其他 processor 的优先级。

其逻辑通过代理类PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate实现，org.springframework.context.support.PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate#registerBeanPostProcessors

public static void registerBeanPostProcessors(
		ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory, AbstractApplicationContext applicationContext) {

	String[] postProcessorNames = beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(BeanPostProcessor.class, true, false);

	// Register BeanPostProcessorChecker that logs an info message when
	// a bean is created during BeanPostProcessor instantiation, i.e. when
	// a bean is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors.
	int beanProcessorTargetCount = beanFactory.getBeanPostProcessorCount() + 1 + postProcessorNames.length;
	beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(new BeanPostProcessorChecker(beanFactory, beanProcessorTargetCount));

	// Separate between BeanPostProcessors that implement PriorityOrdered,
	// Ordered, and the rest.
	List<BeanPostProcessor> priorityOrderedPostProcessors = new ArrayList<>();
	List<BeanPostProcessor> internalPostProcessors = new ArrayList<>();
	List<String> orderedPostProcessorNames = new ArrayList<>();
	List<String> nonOrderedPostProcessorNames = new ArrayList<>();
	for (String ppName : postProcessorNames) {
		if (beanFactory.isTypeMatch(ppName, PriorityOrdered.class)) {
			BeanPostProcessor pp = beanFactory.getBean(ppName, BeanPostProcessor.class);
			priorityOrderedPostProcessors.add(pp);
			if (pp instanceof MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor) {
				internalPostProcessors.add(pp);
			}
		}
		else if (beanFactory.isTypeMatch(ppName, Ordered.class)) {
			orderedPostProcessorNames.add(ppName);
		}
		else {
			nonOrderedPostProcessorNames.add(ppName);
		}
	}

	// First, register the BeanPostProcessors that implement PriorityOrdered.
	sortPostProcessors(priorityOrderedPostProcessors, beanFactory);
	registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory, priorityOrderedPostProcessors);

	// Next, register the BeanPostProcessors that implement Ordered.
	List<BeanPostProcessor> orderedPostProcessors = new ArrayList<>();
	for (String ppName : orderedPostProcessorNames) {
		BeanPostProcessor pp = beanFactory.getBean(ppName, BeanPostProcessor.class);
		orderedPostProcessors.add(pp);
		if (pp instanceof MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor) {
			internalPostProcessors.add(pp);
		}
	}
	sortPostProcessors(orderedPostProcessors, beanFactory);
	registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory, orderedPostProcessors);

	// Now, register all regular BeanPostProcessors.
	List<BeanPostProcessor> nonOrderedPostProcessors = new ArrayList<>();
	for (String ppName : nonOrderedPostProcessorNames) {
		BeanPostProcessor pp = beanFactory.getBean(ppName, BeanPostProcessor.class);
		nonOrderedPostProcessors.add(pp);
		if (pp instanceof MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor) {
			internalPostProcessors.add(pp);
		}
	}
	registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory, nonOrderedPostProcessors);

	// Finally, re-register all internal BeanPostProcessors.
	sortPostProcessors(internalPostProcessors, beanFactory);
	registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory, internalPostProcessors);

	// Re-register post-processor for detecting inner beans as ApplicationListeners,
	// moving it to the end of the processor chain (for picking up proxies etc).
	beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(new ApplicationListenerDetector(applicationContext));
}

4.4 加载WEB专属Bean：ServletWebServerApplicationContext#onRefresh

ServletWebServerApplicationContext是AbstractApplicationContext的子类，它增加了嵌入式Web服务器相关的Bean。

@Override
protected void onRefresh() {
	super.onRefresh();
	try {
		createWebServer();
	}
	catch (Throwable ex) {
		throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start web server", ex);
	}
}

4.5 实例化非懒加载单例Bean：AbstractApplicationContext#finishBeanFactoryInitialization

实例化所有剩余的单例Bean。

/**
 * Finish the initialization of this context's bean factory,
 * initializing all remaining singleton beans.
 */
protected void finishBeanFactoryInitialization(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
	// Initialize conversion service for this context.
	if (beanFactory.containsBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME) &&
			beanFactory.isTypeMatch(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class)) {
		beanFactory.setConversionService(
				beanFactory.getBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class));
	}

	// Register a default embedded value resolver if no bean post-processor
	// (such as a PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer bean) registered any before:
	// at this point, primarily for resolution in annotation attribute values.
	if (!beanFactory.hasEmbeddedValueResolver()) {
		beanFactory.addEmbeddedValueResolver(strVal -> getEnvironment().resolvePlaceholders(strVal));
	}

	// Initialize LoadTimeWeaverAware beans early to allow for registering their transformers early.
	String[] weaverAwareNames = beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(LoadTimeWeaverAware.class, false, false);
	for (String weaverAwareName : weaverAwareNames) {
		getBean(weaverAwareName);
	}

	// Stop using the temporary ClassLoader for type matching.
	beanFactory.setTempClassLoader(null);

	// Allow for caching all bean definition metadata, not expecting further changes.
	beanFactory.freezeConfiguration();

	// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
	beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons();
}

4.5.1 预实例化单例Bean: DefaultListableBeanFactory#preInstantiateSingletons

主要逻辑：

实例化所有的单例Bean。
遍历所以实例化的单例Bean，如果Bean是SmartInitializingSingleton的实例，那么执行org.springframework.beans.factory.**SmartInitializingSingleton#afterSingletonsInstantiated()**方法

@Override
public void preInstantiateSingletons() throws BeansException {
	if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
		logger.trace("Pre-instantiating singletons in " + this);
	}

	// Iterate over a copy to allow for init methods which in turn register new bean definitions.
	// While this may not be part of the regular factory bootstrap, it does otherwise work fine.
	List<String> beanNames = new ArrayList<>(this.beanDefinitionNames);

	// Trigger initialization of all non-lazy singleton beans...
	for (String beanName : beanNames) {
		RootBeanDefinition bd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
		if (!bd.isAbstract() && bd.isSingleton() && !bd.isLazyInit()) {
			// factory bean
			if (isFactoryBean(beanName)) {
				Object bean = getBean(FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX + beanName);
				if (bean instanceof FactoryBean) {
					final FactoryBean<?> factory = (FactoryBean<?>) bean;
					boolean isEagerInit;
					if (System.getSecurityManager() != null && factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean) {
						isEagerInit = AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<Boolean>)
										((SmartFactoryBean<?>) factory)::isEagerInit,
								getAccessControlContext());
					}
					else {
						isEagerInit = (factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean &&
								((SmartFactoryBean<?>) factory).isEagerInit());
					}
					if (isEagerInit) {
						getBean(beanName);
					}
				}
			}
			// non factory bean
			else {
				getBean(beanName);
			}
		}
	}

	// Trigger post-initialization callback for all applicable beans...
	for (String beanName : beanNames) {
		Object singletonInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
		if (singletonInstance instanceof SmartInitializingSingleton) {
			final SmartInitializingSingleton smartSingleton = (SmartInitializingSingleton) singletonInstance;
			if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
				AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<Object>) () -> {
					smartSingleton.afterSingletonsInstantiated();
					return null;
				}, getAccessControlContext());
			}
			else {
				smartSingleton.afterSingletonsInstantiated();
			}
		}
	}
}

4.5.2 获取Bean：AbstractBeanFactory#doGetBean

大致逻辑：

如果缓存中存在，从缓存中获取
缓存中不存在
- 如果当前bean正在创建中，抛异常
- 查询在Bean Factory中是否存在Bean Definition
- 如果当前Bean Factory中不存在Bean Definition，从父Bean Factory中获取Bean，并返回
- 如果当前Bean Factory中存在Bean Definition
  - 获取Bean Definition
  - 确保当前Bean的依赖Bean完成初始化
  - 实例化Bean
  - 确保当前Bean实例的类型与需求类型符合
  - 返回Bean实例

/**
 * Return an instance, which may be shared or independent, of the specified bean.
 * @param name the name of the bean to retrieve
 * @param requiredType the required type of the bean to retrieve
 * @param args arguments to use when creating a bean instance using explicit arguments
 * (only applied when creating a new instance as opposed to retrieving an existing one)
 * @param typeCheckOnly whether the instance is obtained for a type check,
 * not for actual use
 * @return an instance of the bean
 * @throws BeansException if the bean could not be created
 */
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
protected <T> T doGetBean(final String name, @Nullable final Class<T> requiredType,
		@Nullable final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly) throws BeansException {

	final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);
	Object bean;

	// Eagerly check singleton cache for manually registered singletons.
	Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
	if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
		if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
			if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
				logger.trace("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName +
						"' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference");
			}
			else {
				logger.trace("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
			}
		}
		bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);
	}

	else {
		// Fail if we're already creating this bean instance:
		// We're assumably within a circular reference.
		if (isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
			throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);
		}

		// Check if bean definition exists in this factory.
		BeanFactory parentBeanFactory = getParentBeanFactory();
		if (parentBeanFactory != null && !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
			// Not found -> check parent.
			String nameToLookup = originalBeanName(name);
			if (parentBeanFactory instanceof AbstractBeanFactory) {
				return ((AbstractBeanFactory) parentBeanFactory).doGetBean(
						nameToLookup, requiredType, args, typeCheckOnly);
			}
			else if (args != null) {
				// Delegation to parent with explicit args.
				return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, args);
			}
			else if (requiredType != null) {
				// No args -> delegate to standard getBean method.
				return parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, requiredType);
			}
			else {
				return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup);
			}
		}

		if (!typeCheckOnly) {
			markBeanAsCreated(beanName);
		}

		try {
			final RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
			checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args);

			// Guarantee initialization of beans that the current bean depends on.
			String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn();
			if (dependsOn != null) {
				for (String dep : dependsOn) {
					if (isDependent(beanName, dep)) {
						throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
								"Circular depends-on relationship between '" + beanName + "' and '" + dep + "'");
					}
					registerDependentBean(dep, beanName);
					try {
						getBean(dep);
					}
					catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
						throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
								"'" + beanName + "' depends on missing bean '" + dep + "'", ex);
					}
				}
			}

			// Create bean instance.
			if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
				sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, () -> {
					try {
						return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
					}
					catch (BeansException ex) {
						// Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there
						// eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution.
						// Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean.
						destroySingleton(beanName);
						throw ex;
					}
				});
				bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
			}

			else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {
				// It's a prototype -> create a new instance.
				Object prototypeInstance = null;
				try {
					beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
					prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
				}
				finally {
					afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
				}
				bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
			}

			else {
				String scopeName = mbd.getScope();
				final Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName);
				if (scope == null) {
					throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope name '" + scopeName + "'");
				}
				try {
					Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName, () -> {
						beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
						try {
							return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
						}
						finally {
							afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
						}
					});
					bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
				}
				catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
					throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
							"Scope '" + scopeName + "' is not active for the current thread; consider " +
							"defining a scoped proxy for this bean if you intend to refer to it from a singleton",
							ex);
				}
			}
		}
		catch (BeansException ex) {
			cleanupAfterBeanCreationFailure(beanName);
			throw ex;
		}
	}

	// Check if required type matches the type of the actual bean instance.
	if (requiredType != null && !requiredType.isInstance(bean)) {
		try {
			T convertedBean = getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(bean, requiredType);
			if (convertedBean == null) {
				throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
			}
			return convertedBean;
		}
		catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				logger.trace("Failed to convert bean '" + name + "' to required type '" +
						ClassUtils.getQualifiedName(requiredType) + "'", ex);
			}
			throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
		}
	}
	return (T) bean;
}

4.5.3 创建Bean：AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#createBean

在调用真正的创建Bean逻辑前，允许通过InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor返回目标Bean实例的代理。

org.springframework.beans.factory.config.InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor#postProcessBeforeInstantiation
org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor#postProcessAfterInitialization

如果不生成代理，则创建普通bean。

/**
 * Central method of this class: creates a bean instance,
 * populates the bean instance, applies post-processors, etc.
 * @see #doCreateBean
 */
@Override
protected Object createBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args)
		throws BeanCreationException {

	if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
		logger.trace("Creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
	}
	RootBeanDefinition mbdToUse = mbd;

	// Make sure bean class is actually resolved at this point, and
	// clone the bean definition in case of a dynamically resolved Class
	// which cannot be stored in the shared merged bean definition.
	Class<?> resolvedClass = resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);
	if (resolvedClass != null && !mbd.hasBeanClass() && mbd.getBeanClassName() != null) {
		mbdToUse = new RootBeanDefinition(mbd);
		mbdToUse.setBeanClass(resolvedClass);
	}

	// Prepare method overrides.
	try {
		mbdToUse.prepareMethodOverrides();
	}
	catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
		throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(),
				beanName, "Validation of method overrides failed", ex);
	}

	try {
		// Give BeanPostProcessors a chance to return a proxy instead of the target bean instance.
		// org.springframework.beans.factory.config.InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor#postProcessBeforeInstantiation
		// org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor#postProcessAfterInitialization
		Object bean = resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbdToUse);
		if (bean != null) {
			return bean;
		}
	}
	catch (Throwable ex) {
		throw new BeanCreationException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
				"BeanPostProcessor before instantiation of bean failed", ex);
	}

	try {
		Object beanInstance = doCreateBean(beanName, mbdToUse, args);
		if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
			logger.trace("Finished creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
		}
		return beanInstance;
	}
	catch (BeanCreationException | ImplicitlyAppearedSingletonException ex) {
		// A previously detected exception with proper bean creation context already,
		// or illegal singleton state to be communicated up to DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.
		throw ex;
	}
	catch (Throwable ex) {
		throw new BeanCreationException(
				mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Unexpected exception during bean creation", ex);
	}
}

4.5.3.1 创建Bean实例：AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#doCreateBean

创建Bean实例的主要逻辑：

实例化Bean
通过org.springframework.beans.factory.support.MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor#postProcessMergedBeanDefinition改变 BeanDefinition 的属性配置
设置Bean属性
初始化Bean
标记一次性Bean

/**
 * Actually create the specified bean. Pre-creation processing has already happened
 * at this point, e.g. checking {@code postProcessBeforeInstantiation} callbacks.
 * <p>Differentiates between default bean instantiation, use of a
 * factory method, and autowiring a constructor.
 * @param beanName the name of the bean
 * @param mbd the merged bean definition for the bean
 * @param args explicit arguments to use for constructor or factory method invocation
 * @return a new instance of the bean
 * @throws BeanCreationException if the bean could not be created
 * @see #instantiateBean
 * @see #instantiateUsingFactoryMethod
 * @see #autowireConstructor
 */
protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final @Nullable Object[] args)
		throws BeanCreationException {

	// Instantiate the bean.
	BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
	if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
		instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);
	}
	if (instanceWrapper == null) {
		instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
	}
	final Object bean = instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance();
	Class<?> beanType = instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass();
	if (beanType != NullBean.class) {
		mbd.resolvedTargetType = beanType;
	}

	// Allow post-processors to modify the merged bean definition.
	synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) {
		if (!mbd.postProcessed) {
			try {
				// org.springframework.beans.factory.support.MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor#postProcessMergedBeanDefinition
				applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);
			}
			catch (Throwable ex) {
				throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
						"Post-processing of merged bean definition failed", ex);
			}
			mbd.postProcessed = true;
		}
	}

	// Eagerly cache singletons to be able to resolve circular references
	// even when triggered by lifecycle interfaces like BeanFactoryAware.
	boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
			isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
	if (earlySingletonExposure) {
		if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
			logger.trace("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +
					"' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
		}
		addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));
	}

	// Initialize the bean instance.
	Object exposedObject = bean;
	try {
		populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
		exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
	}
	catch (Throwable ex) {
		if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) {
			throw (BeanCreationException) ex;
		}
		else {
			throw new BeanCreationException(
					mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", ex);
		}
	}

	if (earlySingletonExposure) {
		Object earlySingletonReference = getSingleton(beanName, false);
		if (earlySingletonReference != null) {
			if (exposedObject == bean) {
				exposedObject = earlySingletonReference;
			}
			else if (!this.allowRawInjectionDespiteWrapping && hasDependentBean(beanName)) {
				String[] dependentBeans = getDependentBeans(beanName);
				Set<String> actualDependentBeans = new LinkedHashSet<>(dependentBeans.length);
				for (String dependentBean : dependentBeans) {
					if (!removeSingletonIfCreatedForTypeCheckOnly(dependentBean)) {
						actualDependentBeans.add(dependentBean);
					}
				}
				if (!actualDependentBeans.isEmpty()) {
					throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName,
							"Bean with name '" + beanName + "' has been injected into other beans [" +
							StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(actualDependentBeans) +
							"] in its raw version as part of a circular reference, but has eventually been " +
							"wrapped. This means that said other beans do not use the final version of the " +
							"bean. This is often the result of over-eager type matching - consider using " +
							"'getBeanNamesOfType' with the 'allowEagerInit' flag turned off, for example.");
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// Register bean as disposable.
	try {
		registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(beanName, bean, mbd);
	}
	catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
		throw new BeanCreationException(
				mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Invalid destruction signature", ex);
	}

	return exposedObject;
}

4.5.3.2 设置Bean属性：AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#populateBean

设置Bean实例属性的主要逻辑：

设置属性前，调用org.springframework.beans.factory.config.InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor#postProcessAfterInstantiation改变Bean实例的状态。
设置属性值，支持AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME & AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE
设置属性后，调用org.springframework.beans.factory.config.InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor#postProcessProperties。

/**
 * Populate the bean instance in the given BeanWrapper with the property values
 * from the bean definition.
 * @param beanName the name of the bean
 * @param mbd the bean definition for the bean
 * @param bw the BeanWrapper with bean instance
 */
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")  // for postProcessPropertyValues
protected void populateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable BeanWrapper bw) {
	if (bw == null) {
		if (mbd.hasPropertyValues()) {
			throw new BeanCreationException(
					mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Cannot apply property values to null instance");
		}
		else {
			// Skip property population phase for null instance.
			return;
		}
	}

	// Give any InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors the opportunity to modify the
	// state of the bean before properties are set. This can be used, for example,
	// to support styles of field injection.
	boolean continueWithPropertyPopulation = true;

	if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) {
		for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
			if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
				InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
				// org.springframework.beans.factory.config.InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor#postProcessAfterInstantiation
				if (!ibp.postProcessAfterInstantiation(bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName)) {
					continueWithPropertyPopulation = false;
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	if (!continueWithPropertyPopulation) {
		return;
	}

	PropertyValues pvs = (mbd.hasPropertyValues() ? mbd.getPropertyValues() : null);

	if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME || mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {
		MutablePropertyValues newPvs = new MutablePropertyValues(pvs);
		// Add property values based on autowire by name if applicable.
		if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME) {
			autowireByName(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);
		}
		// Add property values based on autowire by type if applicable.
		if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {
			autowireByType(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);
		}
		pvs = newPvs;
	}

	boolean hasInstAwareBpps = hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors();
	boolean needsDepCheck = (mbd.getDependencyCheck() != AbstractBeanDefinition.DEPENDENCY_CHECK_NONE);

	PropertyDescriptor[] filteredPds = null;
	if (hasInstAwareBpps) {
		if (pvs == null) {
			pvs = mbd.getPropertyValues();
		}
		for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
			if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
				InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
				// org.springframework.beans.factory.config.InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor#postProcessProperties
				PropertyValues pvsToUse = ibp.postProcessProperties(pvs, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName);
				if (pvsToUse == null) {
					if (filteredPds == null) {
						filteredPds = filterPropertyDescriptorsForDependencyCheck(bw, mbd.allowCaching);
					}
					pvsToUse = ibp.postProcessPropertyValues(pvs, filteredPds, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName);
					if (pvsToUse == null) {
						return;
					}
				}
				pvs = pvsToUse;
			}
		}
	}
	if (needsDepCheck) {
		if (filteredPds == null) {
			filteredPds = filterPropertyDescriptorsForDependencyCheck(bw, mbd.allowCaching);
		}
		checkDependencies(beanName, mbd, filteredPds, pvs);
	}

	if (pvs != null) {
		applyPropertyValues(beanName, mbd, bw, pvs);
	}
}

4.5.3.3 初始化Bean: AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#initializeBean

初始化Bean的主要逻辑：

调用Aware方法：BeanNameAware，BeanClassLoaderAware，BeanFactoryAware
调用org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor#postProcessBeforeInitialization
如果实现了InitializingBean接口，调用Bean的org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean#afterPropertiesSet()
如果设置了init-method，则调用设置的初始化方法
调用org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor#postProcessAfterInitialization

/**
 * Initialize the given bean instance, applying factory callbacks
 * as well as init methods and bean post processors.
 * <p>Called from {@link #createBean} for traditionally defined beans,
 * and from {@link #initializeBean} for existing bean instances.
 * @param beanName the bean name in the factory (for debugging purposes)
 * @param bean the new bean instance we may need to initialize
 * @param mbd the bean definition that the bean was created with
 * (can also be {@code null}, if given an existing bean instance)
 * @return the initialized bean instance (potentially wrapped)
 * @see BeanNameAware
 * @see BeanClassLoaderAware
 * @see BeanFactoryAware
 * @see #applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization
 * @see #invokeInitMethods
 * @see #applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization
 */
protected Object initializeBean(final String beanName, final Object bean, @Nullable RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
	if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
		AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<Object>) () -> {
			invokeAwareMethods(beanName, bean);
			return null;
		}, getAccessControlContext());
	}
	else {
		invokeAwareMethods(beanName, bean);
	}

	Object wrappedBean = bean;
	if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {
		// org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor#postProcessBeforeInitialization
		wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);
	}

	try {
		invokeInitMethods(beanName, wrappedBean, mbd);
	}
	catch (Throwable ex) {
		throw new BeanCreationException(
				(mbd != null ? mbd.getResourceDescription() : null),
				beanName, "Invocation of init method failed", ex);
	}
	if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {
		wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);
	}

	return wrappedBean;
}

private void invokeAwareMethods(final String beanName, final Object bean) {
	if (bean instanceof Aware) {
		if (bean instanceof BeanNameAware) {
			((BeanNameAware) bean).setBeanName(beanName);
		}
		if (bean instanceof BeanClassLoaderAware) {
			ClassLoader bcl = getBeanClassLoader();
			if (bcl != null) {
				((BeanClassLoaderAware) bean).setBeanClassLoader(bcl);
			}
		}
		if (bean instanceof BeanFactoryAware) {
			((BeanFactoryAware) bean).setBeanFactory(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.this);
		}
	}
}

/**
 * Give a bean a chance to react now all its properties are set,
 * and a chance to know about its owning bean factory (this object).
 * This means checking whether the bean implements InitializingBean or defines
 * a custom init method, and invoking the necessary callback(s) if it does.
 * @param beanName the bean name in the factory (for debugging purposes)
 * @param bean the new bean instance we may need to initialize
 * @param mbd the merged bean definition that the bean was created with
 * (can also be {@code null}, if given an existing bean instance)
 * @throws Throwable if thrown by init methods or by the invocation process
 * @see #invokeCustomInitMethod
 */
protected void invokeInitMethods(String beanName, final Object bean, @Nullable RootBeanDefinition mbd)
		throws Throwable {

	boolean isInitializingBean = (bean instanceof InitializingBean);
	if (isInitializingBean && (mbd == null || !mbd.isExternallyManagedInitMethod("afterPropertiesSet"))) {
		if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
			logger.trace("Invoking afterPropertiesSet() on bean with name '" + beanName + "'");
		}
		if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
			try {
				AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedExceptionAction<Object>) () -> {
					((InitializingBean) bean).afterPropertiesSet();
					return null;
				}, getAccessControlContext());
			}
			catch (PrivilegedActionException pae) {
				throw pae.getException();
			}
		}
		else {
			((InitializingBean) bean).afterPropertiesSet();
		}
	}

	if (mbd != null && bean.getClass() != NullBean.class) {
		String initMethodName = mbd.getInitMethodName();
		if (StringUtils.hasLength(initMethodName) &&
				!(isInitializingBean && "afterPropertiesSet".equals(initMethodName)) &&
				!mbd.isExternallyManagedInitMethod(initMethodName)) {
			invokeCustomInitMethod(beanName, bean, mbd);
		}
	}
}

4.6 Finish the refresh of this context

一些实现了Lifecycle接口的Bean会在这个阶段执行。如启动WebSocket相关的LifeCycle Bean等就是在这个阶段启动的。包括：
org.springframework.web.socket.server.support.WebSocketHandlerMapping
org.springframework.web.socket.server.support.WebSocketHttpRequestHandler
org.springframework.web.socket.sockjs.support.SockJsHttpRequestHandler
等。

/**
	 * Finish the refresh of this context, invoking the LifecycleProcessor's
	 * onRefresh() method and publishing the
	 * {@link org.springframework.context.event.ContextRefreshedEvent}.
	 */
	protected void finishRefresh() {
		// Clear context-level resource caches (such as ASM metadata from scanning).
		clearResourceCaches();

		// Initialize lifecycle processor for this context.
		initLifecycleProcessor();

		// Propagate refresh to lifecycle processor first.
		getLifecycleProcessor().onRefresh();

		// Publish the final event.
		publishEvent(new ContextRefreshedEvent(this));

		// Participate in LiveBeansView MBean, if active.
		LiveBeansView.registerApplicationContext(this);
	}

附录

1. ApplicationEvent触发顺序

ApplicationEvent触发顺序（包括应用事件和容器事件）：

org.springframework.boot.context.event.ApplicationStartingEvent
org.springframework.boot.context.event.ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent
org.springframework.boot.context.event.ApplicationContextInitializedEvent
org.springframework.boot.context.event.ApplicationPreparedEvent
org.springframework.context.event.ContextRefreshedEvent
org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerInitializedEvent
org.springframework.boot.context.event.ApplicationStartedEvent
org.springframework.boot.context.event.ApplicationReadyEvent

活动

智算服务

应用商城

合作伙伴

开发者

支持与服务

了解天翼云

Spring Boot Application的启动过程 - 加载应用上下文

Spring Boot Application的启动过程 - 加载应用上下文

1. Spring ApplicationContext核心类图

2. Spring Boot Application启动过程中的核心步骤

3. 应用启动类：SpringApplication#run

4. 核心逻辑：更新应用上下文（AbstractApplicationContext#refresh）

4.1 准备BeanFactory：AbstractApplicationContext#prepareBeanFactory

4.2 调用BeanFactoryPostProcessor

4.3 注册BeanPostProcessor

4.4 加载WEB专属Bean：ServletWebServerApplicationContext#onRefresh

4.5 实例化非懒加载单例Bean：AbstractApplicationContext#finishBeanFactoryInitialization

4.5.1 预实例化单例Bean: DefaultListableBeanFactory#preInstantiateSingletons

4.5.2 获取Bean：AbstractBeanFactory#doGetBean

4.5.3 创建Bean：AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#createBean

4.5.3.1 创建Bean实例：AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#doCreateBean

4.5.3.2 设置Bean属性：AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#populateBean

4.5.3.3 初始化Bean: AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#initializeBean

4.6 Finish the refresh of this context

附录

1. ApplicationEvent触发顺序

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