Java中的排序算法详解
1. 排序算法概述
排序算法是计算机科学中的基础问题,它将一组元素按照特定的顺序重新排列。在实际开发中,选择合适的排序算法可以显著提高程序的性能。
2. 冒泡排序(Bubble Sort)
冒泡排序是一种简单的排序算法,它重复地遍历要排序的列表,比较每对相邻的元素,如果它们的顺序错误就把它们交换过来。
package cn.juwatech.sort;
public class BubbleSort {
public void sort(int[] arr) {
int n = arr.length;
for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++) {
if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) {
// swap arr[j] and arr[j+1]
int temp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
arr[j + 1] = temp;
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {64, 34, 25, 12, 22, 11, 90};
BubbleSort sorter = new BubbleSort();
sorter.sort(arr);
System.out.println("Sorted array using Bubble Sort:");
for (int num : arr) {
System.out.print(num + " ");
}
}
}
3. 快速排序(Quick Sort)
快速排序是一种分治算法,它将数组分成两个子数组,然后递归地对子数组进行排序。
package cn.juwatech.sort;
public class QuickSort {
public void sort(int[] arr, int low, int high) {
if (low < high) {
int pi = partition(arr, low, high);
sort(arr, low, pi - 1); // Recursively sort elements before partition
sort(arr, pi + 1, high); // Recursively sort elements after partition
}
}
private int partition(int[] arr, int low, int high) {
int pivot = arr[high];
int i = (low - 1); // Index of smaller element
for (int j = low; j < high; j++) {
if (arr[j] < pivot) {
i++;
// swap arr[i] and arr[j]
int temp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[j];
arr[j] = temp;
}
}
// swap arr[i+1] and arr[high] (or pivot)
int temp = arr[i + 1];
arr[i + 1] = arr[high];
arr[high] = temp;
return i + 1;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {64, 34, 25, 12, 22, 11, 90};
QuickSort sorter = new QuickSort();
sorter.sort(arr, 0, arr.length - 1);
System.out.println("Sorted array using Quick Sort:");
for (int num : arr) {
System.out.print(num + " ");
}
}
}
4. 归并排序(Merge Sort)
归并排序采用分治策略,将数组分成两半,分别排序后再合并。
package cn.juwatech.sort;
public class MergeSort {
public void sort(int[] arr, int l, int r) {
if (l < r) {
int m = (l + r) / 2;
sort(arr, l, m);
sort(arr, m + 1, r);
merge(arr, l, m, r);
}
}
private void merge(int[] arr, int l, int m, int r) {
int n1 = m - l + 1;
int n2 = r - m;
int[] L = new int[n1];
int[] R = new int[n2];
System.arraycopy(arr, l, L, 0, n1);
System.arraycopy(arr, m + 1, R, 0, n2);
int i = 0, j = 0;
int k = l;
while (i < n1 && j < n2) {
if (L[i] <= R[j]) {
arr[k++] = L[i++];
} else {
arr[k++] = R[j++];
}
}
while (i < n1) {
arr[k++] = L[i++];
}
while (j < n2) {
arr[k++] = R[j++];
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {64, 34, 25, 12, 22, 11, 90};
MergeSort sorter = new MergeSort();
sorter.sort(arr, 0, arr.length - 1);
System.out.println("Sorted array using Merge Sort:");
for (int num : arr) {
System.out.print(num + " ");
}
}
}
5. 总结
本文深入介绍了Java中常见的几种排序算法,包括冒泡排序、快速排序和归并排序。通过具体的代码示例,展示了它们的实现原理和基本用法。读者可以根据实际需求选择合适的排序算法来优化程序性能。