Kubernetes RESTMapper源码分析-天翼云

1、概述

在 kubernetes API中，我们经常使用属于 GVK 或者 GVR 来区分特定的 kubernetes 资源。其中 GVK 是 Group Version Kind 的简称，而 GVR 则是 Group Version Resource 的简称。

Kind 是 API “顶级”资源对象的类型，每个资源对象都需要 Kind 来区分它自身代表的资源类型，例如，对于一个 Pod 的例子：

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    app: nfs-client-provisioner
  name: nfs-client-provisioner-6b7577544d-lngg2
  namespace: default
.......

其中 kind 字段即代表该资源对象的类型。一般来说，在 kubernetes API 中有三种不同的 Kind：

单个资源对象的类型，最典型的就是刚才例子中提到的 Pod；
资源对象的列表类型，例如 PodList 以及 NodeList 等；
特殊类型以及非持久化操作的类型，很多这种类型的资源是 subresource，例如用于绑定资源的 /binding、更新资源状态的 /status 以及读写资源实例数量的 /scale。

需要注意的是，同 Kind 不只可以出现在同一分组的不同版本中，如 apps/v1beta1 与 apps/v1，它还可能出现在不同的分组中，例如 Deployment 开始以 alpha 的特性出现在 extensions 分组，GA 之后被推进到 apps 组，所以为了严格区分不同的 Kind，需要组合 API Group、API Version 与 Kind 成为 GVK。

Resource 则是通过 HTTP 协议以 JSON 格式发送或者读取的资源展现形式，可以以单个资源对象展现，也可以以列表的形式展现。要正确的请求资源对象，API-Server 必须知道 apiVersion 与请求的资源，这样 API-Server 才能正确地解码请求信息，这些信息正是处于请求的资源路径中。一般来说，把 API Group、API Version 以及 Resource 组合成为 GVR 可以区分特定的资源请求路径，例如 /apis/batch/v1/jobs 就是请求所有的 jobs 信息。

GVR 常用于组合成 RESTful API 请求路径。例如，针对应用程序 v1 部署的 RESTful API 请求如下所示：

GET /apis/apps/v1/namespaces/{namespace}/deployments/{name}

通过获取资源的 JSON 或 YAML 格式的序列化对象，进而从资源的类型信息中可以获得该资源的 GVK。RESTMapper作为GVK到GVR的映射，通过 GVK 信息则可以获取要读取的资源对象的 GVR，进而构建 RESTful API 请求获取对应的资源。Kubernetes 定义了 RESTMapper 接口并带默认带有实现 DefaultRESTMapper。

RESTMapper作为GVK到GVR的映射，其主要作用是在ListerWatcher时，根据Schema定义的类型GVK解析出GVR，向apiserver发起http请求获取资源，然后watch。

2、RESTMapper源码分析

2.1 什么是RESTMapper

先来看来什么是RESTMapper。RESTMapper是一个interface，定义在/pkg/api/meta/interfaces.go中:

// RESTMapper allows clients to map resources to kind, and map kind and version
// to interfaces for manipulating those objects. It is primarily intended for
// consumers of Kubernetes compatible REST APIs as defined in docs/devel/api-conventions.md.
//
// The Kubernetes API provides versioned resources and object kinds which are scoped
// to API groups. In other words, kinds and resources should not be assumed to be
// unique across groups.
//
// TODO: split into sub-interfaces
type RESTMapper interface {
	// KindFor takes a partial resource and returns the single match.  Returns an error if there are multiple matches
	KindFor(resource schema.GroupVersionResource) (schema.GroupVersionKind, error)

	// KindsFor takes a partial resource and returns the list of potential kinds in priority order
	KindsFor(resource schema.GroupVersionResource) ([]schema.GroupVersionKind, error)

	// ResourceFor takes a partial resource and returns the single match.  Returns an error if there are multiple matches
	ResourceFor(input schema.GroupVersionResource) (schema.GroupVersionResource, error)

	// ResourcesFor takes a partial resource and returns the list of potential resource in priority order
	ResourcesFor(input schema.GroupVersionResource) ([]schema.GroupVersionResource, error)

	// RESTMapping identifies a preferred resource mapping for the provided group kind.
	RESTMapping(gk schema.GroupKind, versions ...string) (*RESTMapping, error)
	// RESTMappings returns all resource mappings for the provided group kind if no
	// version search is provided. Otherwise identifies a preferred resource mapping for
	// the provided version(s).
	RESTMappings(gk schema.GroupKind, versions ...string) ([]*RESTMapping, error)

	ResourceSingularizer(resource string) (singular string, err error)
}

关于RESTMapper的注释非常重要，“RESTMapper allows clients to map resources to kind, and map kind and version to interfaces for manipulating those objects”。也就是说，RESTMapper映射是指GVR(GroupVersionResource)和GVK(GroupVersionKind)的关系，可以通过GVR找到合适的GVK，并可以通过GVK生成一个RESTMapping。

2.2 什么是RESTMapping

再来看来RESTMapping，同样定义在/pkg/api/meta/interfaces.go中：

// RESTMapping contains the information needed to deal with objects of a specific
// resource and kind in a RESTful manner.
type RESTMapping struct {
	// Resource is the GroupVersionResource (location) for this endpoint
	Resource schema.GroupVersionResource

	// GroupVersionKind is the GroupVersionKind (data format) to submit to this endpoint
	GroupVersionKind schema.GroupVersionKind

	// Scope contains the information needed to deal with REST Resources that are in a resource hierarchy
	Scope RESTScope
}

RESTMapping包含Resource名称（GVR），及其对应的GVK，还有一个Scope(标明资源是否为root或者namespaced)。

那么RESTMapping怎么用呢？

比如/pkg/apiserver/api_installer.go中就有使用到RESTMapping中的Scope用来生成合适的URL(RESTScopeNameRoot和RESTScopeNameNamespace处理不同，详见以后对Apiserver的分析)。

2.3 什么是RESTScope

这里一并把RESTScope介绍掉，因为RESTScope接口也定义在/pkg/api/meta/interfaces.go中：

type RESTScopeName string

const (
	RESTScopeNameNamespace RESTScopeName = "namespace"
	RESTScopeNameRoot      RESTScopeName = "root"
)

// RESTScope contains the information needed to deal with REST resources that are in a resource hierarchy
type RESTScope interface {
	// Name of the scope
	Name() RESTScopeName
}

目前有两种类型RESTScope：namespace和root，RESTScopeNamespace表明该资源是在Namespace下的，如pods，rc等；RESTScopeRoot标明资源是全局的，如nodes, pv等。RESTScope具体由restScope之实现。restScope定义在/pkg/api/meta/restmapper.go中，逻辑比较简单，这里就不在详细分析。

// Implements RESTScope interface
type restScope struct {
	name RESTScopeName
}

func (r *restScope) Name() RESTScopeName {
	return 
}

var RESTScopeNamespace = &restScope{
	name: RESTScopeNameNamespace,
}

var RESTScopeRoot = &restScope{
	name: RESTScopeNameRoot,
}

2.4 DefaultRESTMapper

DefaultRESTMapper实现了RESTMapper interface。为什么称为DefaultRESTMapper呢，因为DefaultRESTMapper定义了defaultGroupVersions。DefaultRESTMapper定义在/pkg/api/meta/restmapper.go中：

//DefaultRESTMapper中的resource是指GVR，kind是指GVK
//singular和plural都是GVR,singular指资源的单数形式，plural指资源的复数形式
type DefaultRESTMapper struct {
	defaultGroupVersions []schema.GroupVersion

	resourceToKind       map[schema.GroupVersionResource]schema.GroupVersionKind
	kindToPluralResource map[schema.GroupVersionKind]schema.GroupVersionResource
	kindToScope          map[schema.GroupVersionKind]RESTScope
	singularToPlural     map[schema.GroupVersionResource]schema.GroupVersionResource
	pluralToSingular     map[schema.GroupVersionResource]schema.GroupVersionResource
}

var _ RESTMapper = &DefaultRESTMapper{}

现在来详细分析DefaultRESTMapper的字段的涵义。

defaultGroupVersions: 默认的GroupVersion，如v1，apps/v1等，一般一个DefaultRESTMapper只设一个默认的GroupVersion；
resourceToKind：GVR(单数,复数)到GVK的map；
kindToPluralResource：GVK到GVR(复数)的map；
kindToScope：GVK到Scope的map；
singularToPlural：GVR(单数)到GVR(复数)的map；
pluralToSingular：GVR(复数)到GVR(单数)的map；

下面来分析DefaultRESTMapper的重要方法的实现。

1）NewDefaultRESTMapper方法

NewDefaultRESTMapper方法生成一个新的DefaultRESTMapper。

func NewDefaultRESTMapper(defaultGroupVersions []schema.GroupVersion) *DefaultRESTMapper {
	resourceToKind := make(map[schema.GroupVersionResource]schema.GroupVersionKind)
	kindToPluralResource := make(map[schema.GroupVersionKind]schema.GroupVersionResource)
	kindToScope := make(map[schema.GroupVersionKind]RESTScope)
	singularToPlural := make(map[schema.GroupVersionResource]schema.GroupVersionResource)
	pluralToSingular := make(map[schema.GroupVersionResource]schema.GroupVersionResource)
	// TODO: verify name mappings work correctly when versions differ

	return &DefaultRESTMapper{
		resourceToKind:       resourceToKind,
		kindToPluralResource: kindToPluralResource,
		kindToScope:          kindToScope,
		defaultGroupVersions: defaultGroupVersions,
		singularToPlural:     singularToPlural,
		pluralToSingular:     pluralToSingular,
	}
}

2）AddSpecific(kind schema.GroupVersionKind, plural, singular schema.GroupVersionResource, scope RESTScope)

AddSpecific方法主要是把具体的GVK、GVR和scope对应值加入到DefaultRESTMapper对应的字段中。

func (m *DefaultRESTMapper) AddSpecific(kind schema.GroupVersionKind, plural, singular schema.GroupVersionResource, scope RESTScope) {
	m.singularToPlural[singular] = plural
	m.pluralToSingular[plural] = singular

	m.resourceToKind[singular] = kind
	m.resourceToKind[plural] = kind

	m.kindToPluralResource[kind] = plural
	m.kindToScope[kind] = scope
}

3）Add(kind schema.GroupVersionKind, scope RESTScope)

Add方法根据的具体的GVK获取对应GVR单数和复数值，并将GVK、GVR和scope对应值加入到DefaultRESTMapper对应的字段中。

func (m *DefaultRESTMapper) Add(kind schema.GroupVersionKind, scope RESTScope) {
	plural, singular := UnsafeGuessKindToResource(kind)
	m.AddSpecific(kind, plural, singular, scope)
}

UnsafeGuessKindToResource方法可以根据GVK获取对应GVR单数和复数值。

// unpluralizedSuffixes is a list of resource suffixes that are the same plural and singular
// This is only is only necessary because some bits of code are lazy and don't actually use the RESTMapper like they should.
// TODO eliminate this so that different callers can correctly map to resources.  This probably means updating all
// callers to use the RESTMapper they mean.
var unpluralizedSuffixes = []string{
	"endpoints",
}

// UnsafeGuessKindToResource converts Kind to a resource name.
// Broken. This method only "sort of" works when used outside of this package.  It assumes that Kinds and Resources match
// and they aren't guaranteed to do so.
func UnsafeGuessKindToResource(kind schema.GroupVersionKind) ( /*plural*/ schema.GroupVersionResource /*singular*/, schema.GroupVersionResource) {
	kindName := kind.Kind
	if len(kindName) == 0 {
		return schema.GroupVersionResource{}, schema.GroupVersionResource{}
	}
	singularName := strings.ToLower(kindName)
	// GVR（单数）
	singular := kind.GroupVersion().WithResource(singularName)

	// unfluralized后缀是一组复数和单数相同的资源
	for _, skip := range unpluralizedSuffixes {
		if strings.HasSuffix(singularName, skip) {
			return singular, singular
		}
	}

	// 组织GVR（复数）
	switch string(singularName[len(singularName)-1]) {
	case "s":
		return kind.GroupVersion().WithResource(singularName + "es"), singular
	case "y":
		return kind.GroupVersion().WithResource(strings.TrimSuffix(singularName, "y") + "ies"), singular
	}

	return kind.GroupVersion().WithResource(singularName + "s"), singular
}

4）ResourceFor方法

ResourceFor()通过GVR(信息不一定要全)找到一个最匹配的已注册的GVR（m.pluralToSingular）。规则如下：

如果参数GVR没有有Resource，则返回错误。
如果参数GVR限定Group，Version和Resource，则匹配Group，Version和Resource；
如果参数GVR限定Group和Resource，则匹配Group和Resource；
如果参数GVR限定Version和Resource，则匹配Version和Resource；
如果参数GVR只有Resource，则匹配Resource。
如果系统中存在多个匹配，则返回错误(系统现在还不支持在不同的Group中定义相同的type)。

// 找到最匹配的注册GVR
func (m *DefaultRESTMapper) ResourceFor(resource schema.GroupVersionResource) (schema.GroupVersionResource, error) {
	resources, err := m.ResourcesFor(resource)
	if err != nil {
		return schema.GroupVersionResource{}, err
	}
	if len(resources) == 1 {
		return resources[0], nil
	}

	return schema.GroupVersionResource{}, &AmbiguousResourceError{PartialResource: resource, MatchingResources: resources}
}

func (m *DefaultRESTMapper) ResourcesFor(input schema.GroupVersionResource) ([]schema.GroupVersionResource, error) {
	// 获取GVR，使资源小写，并将内部版本转换为""
	resource := coerceResourceForMatching(input)

	hasResource := len(resource.Resource) > 0
	hasGroup := len(resource.Group) > 0
	hasVersion := len(resource.Version) > 0

	// 资源必须存在
	if !hasResource {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("a resource must be present, got: %v", resource)
	}

	ret := []schema.GroupVersionResource{}
	switch {
	case hasGroup && hasVersion:
		// 完全限定，比较GVR
		// fully qualified.  Find the exact match
		for plural, singular := range m.pluralToSingular {
			if singular == resource {
				ret = append(ret, plural)
				break
			}
			if plural == resource {
				ret = append(ret, plural)
				break
			}
		}

	case hasGroup:
		// 只限定GR，比较GR
		// given a group, prefer an exact match.  If you don't find one, resort to a prefix match on group
		foundExactMatch := false
		requestedGroupResource := resource.GroupResource()
		for plural, singular := range m.pluralToSingular {
			if singular.GroupResource() == requestedGroupResource {
				foundExactMatch = true
				ret = append(ret, plural)
			}
			if plural.GroupResource() == requestedGroupResource {
				foundExactMatch = true
				ret = append(ret, plural)
			}
		}

		// 只限定G，比较Group
		// if you didn't find an exact match, match on group prefixing. This allows storageclass.storage to match
		// storageclass.storage.k8s.io
		if !foundExactMatch {
			for plural, singular := range m.pluralToSingular {
				if !strings.HasPrefix(plural.Group, requestedGroupResource.Group) {
					continue
				}
				if singular.Resource == requestedGroupResource.Resource {
					ret = append(ret, plural)
				}
				if plural.Resource == requestedGroupResource.Resource {
					ret = append(ret, plural)
				}
			}

		}

	case hasVersion:
		// 限定VR，比较VR
		for plural, singular := range m.pluralToSingular {
			if singular.Version == resource.Version && singular.Resource == resource.Resource {
				ret = append(ret, plural)
			}
			if plural.Version == resource.Version && plural.Resource == resource.Resource {
				ret = append(ret, plural)
			}
		}

	default:
		// 只比较Resource，根据Resource匹配
		for plural, singular := range m.pluralToSingular {
			if singular.Resource == resource.Resource {
				ret = append(ret, plural)
			}
			if plural.Resource == resource.Resource {
				ret = append(ret, plural)
			}
		}
	}

	if len(ret) == 0 {
		return nil, &NoResourceMatchError{PartialResource: resource}
	}

	sort.Sort(resourceByPreferredGroupVersion{ret, m.defaultGroupVersions})
	return ret, nil
}

// 使资源小写，并将内部版本转换为未指定的（遗留行为）
// coerceResourceForMatching makes the resource lower case and converts internal versions to unspecified (legacy behavior)
func coerceResourceForMatching(resource schema.GroupVersionResource) schema.GroupVersionResource {
	resource.Resource = strings.ToLower(resource.Resource)
	if resource.Version == runtime.APIVersionInternal {
		resource.Version = ""
	}

	return resource
}

5）KindFor方法

KindFor()通过GVR(信息不一定要全)找到一个最匹配的已注册的GVK。规则和ResourceFor()一样：

如果参数GVR没有有Resource，则返回错误。
如果参数GVR限定Group，Version和Resource，则匹配Group，Version和Resource；
如果参数GVR限定Group和Resource，则匹配Group和Resource；
如果参数GVR限定Version和Resource，则匹配Version和Resource；
如果参数GVR只有Resource，则匹配Resource。
如果系统中存在多个匹配，则返回错误(系统现在还不支持在不同的Group中定义相同的type)。

注意：维护m.resourceToKind关系时，GVR单数和复数都会和GVK做映射，具体逻辑参见AddSpecific方法。

// 根据GVR找到最匹配GVK
func (m *DefaultRESTMapper) KindFor(resource schema.GroupVersionResource) (schema.GroupVersionKind, error) {
	kinds, err := m.KindsFor(resource)
	if err != nil {
		return schema.GroupVersionKind{}, err
	}
	if len(kinds) == 1 {
		return kinds[0], nil
	}

	return schema.GroupVersionKind{}, &AmbiguousResourceError{PartialResource: resource, MatchingKinds: kinds}
}

func (m *DefaultRESTMapper) KindsFor(input schema.GroupVersionResource) ([]schema.GroupVersionKind, error) {
	resource := coerceResourceForMatching(input)

	hasResource := len(resource.Resource) > 0
	hasGroup := len(resource.Group) > 0
	hasVersion := len(resource.Version) > 0

	if !hasResource {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("a resource must be present, got: %v", resource)
	}

	ret := []schema.GroupVersionKind{}
	switch {
	// fully qualified.  Find the exact match
	case hasGroup && hasVersion:
		kind, exists := m.resourceToKind[resource]
		if exists {
			ret = append(ret, kind)
		}

	case hasGroup:
		foundExactMatch := false
		requestedGroupResource := resource.GroupResource()
		for currResource, currKind := range m.resourceToKind {
			if currResource.GroupResource() == requestedGroupResource {
				foundExactMatch = true
				ret = append(ret, currKind)
			}
		}

		// if you didn't find an exact match, match on group prefixing. This allows storageclass.storage to match
		// storageclass.storage.k8s.io
		if !foundExactMatch {
			for currResource, currKind := range m.resourceToKind {
				if !strings.HasPrefix(currResource.Group, requestedGroupResource.Group) {
					continue
				}
				if currResource.Resource == requestedGroupResource.Resource {
					ret = append(ret, currKind)
				}
			}

		}

	case hasVersion:
		for currResource, currKind := range m.resourceToKind {
			if currResource.Version == resource.Version && currResource.Resource == resource.Resource {
				ret = append(ret, currKind)
			}
		}

	default:
		for currResource, currKind := range m.resourceToKind {
			if currResource.Resource == resource.Resource {
				ret = append(ret, currKind)
			}
		}
	}

	if len(ret) == 0 {
		return nil, &NoResourceMatchError{PartialResource: input}
	}

	sort.Sort(kindByPreferredGroupVersion{ret, m.defaultGroupVersions})
	return ret, nil
}

6）ResourceSingularizer方法

将资源名称从复数转换为单数，如果系统中存在多个匹配，则返回错误。

// 将资源名称从复数转换为单数
// ResourceSingularizer implements RESTMapper
// It converts a resource name from plural to singular (e.g., from pods to pod)
func (m *DefaultRESTMapper) ResourceSingularizer(resourceType string) (string, error) {
	partialResource := schema.GroupVersionResource{Resource: resourceType}
	resources, err := m.ResourcesFor(partialResource)
	if err != nil {
		return resourceType, err
	}

	singular := schema.GroupVersionResource{}
	for _, curr := range resources {
		currSingular, ok := m.pluralToSingular[curr]
		if !ok {
			continue
		}
		if singular.Empty() {
			singular = currSingular
			continue
		}

		if currSingular.Resource != singular.Resource {
			return resourceType, fmt.Errorf("multiple possible singular resources (%v) found for %v", resources, resourceType)
		}
	}

	if singular.Empty() {
		return resourceType, fmt.Errorf("no singular of resource %v has been defined", resourceType)
	}

	return singular.Resource, nil
}

7）RESTMapping方法

根据GVK获取RESTMapping，RESTMapping()的参数是GK和versions，通常的做法是把一个GVK直接拆成GK和Version，然后获取mapping。

// RESTMapping returns a struct representing the resource path and conversion interfaces a
// RESTClient should use to operate on the provided group/kind in order of versions. If a version search
// order is not provided, the search order provided to DefaultRESTMapper will be used to resolve which
// version should be used to access the named group/kind.
func (m *DefaultRESTMapper) RESTMapping(gk schema.GroupKind, versions ...string) (*RESTMapping, error) {
	mappings, err := m.RESTMappings(gk, versions...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if len(mappings) == 0 {
		return nil, &NoKindMatchError{GroupKind: gk, SearchedVersions: versions}
	}
	// since we rely on RESTMappings method
	// take the first match and return to the caller
	// as this was the existing behavior.
	return mappings[0], nil
}

// RESTMappings returns the RESTMappings for the provided group kind. If a version search order
// is not provided, the search order provided to DefaultRESTMapper will be used.
func (m *DefaultRESTMapper) RESTMappings(gk schema.GroupKind, versions ...string) ([]*RESTMapping, error) {
	mappings := make([]*RESTMapping, 0)
	// DefaultRESTMapper对象已注册最匹配的GVK
	potentialGVK := make([]schema.GroupVersionKind, 0)
	hadVersion := false

	// 选择一个合适的版本， 找到DefaultRESTMapper对象最匹配的已注册的GVK
	// Pick an appropriate version
	for _, version := range versions {
		if len(version) == 0 || version == runtime.APIVersionInternal {
			continue
		}
		currGVK := gk.WithVersion(version)
		hadVersion = true
		if _, ok := m.kindToPluralResource[currGVK]; ok {
			potentialGVK = append(potentialGVK, currGVK)
			break
		}
	}
	// version不满足条件的话，使用DefaultRESTMapper对象默认GV
	// Use the default preferred versions
	if !hadVersion && len(potentialGVK) == 0 {
		for _, gv := range m.defaultGroupVersions {
			if gv.Group != gk.Group {
				continue
			}
			potentialGVK = append(potentialGVK, gk.WithVersion(gv.Version))
		}
	}

	if len(potentialGVK) == 0 {
		return nil, &NoKindMatchError{GroupKind: gk, SearchedVersions: versions}
	}

	for _, gvk := range potentialGVK {
		// 确保有GVR（复数）
		//Ensure we have a REST mapping
		res, ok := m.kindToPluralResource[gvk]
		if !ok {
			continue
		}

		// 确保有rest scope
		// Ensure we have a REST scope
		scope, ok := m.kindToScope[gvk]
		if !ok {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("the provided version %q and kind %q cannot be mapped to a supported scope", gvk.GroupVersion(), gvk.Kind)
		}

		mappings = append(mappings, &RESTMapping{
			Resource:         res,
			GroupVersionKind: gvk,
			Scope:            scope,
		})
	}

	if len(mappings) == 0 {
		return nil, &NoResourceMatchError{PartialResource: schema.GroupVersionResource{Group: gk.Group, Resource: gk.Kind}}
	}
	return mappings, nil
}

RESTMapping()的流程如下：

构造GVK：使用GK和Versions，或GK和DefaultGroupVersions，构造GVK；
获取GVR：从kindToPluralResource中获取GVR；
获取scope：从kindToScope中获取scope；
组装成RESTMapping并返回。

3、总结

RESTMapper可以从GVK获取GVR，并生成一个RESTMapping来处理该GVR。RESTMapping中有GVK、GVR、Scope信息。

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Kubernetes RESTMapper源码分析

Kubernetes RESTMapper源码分析

1、概述

2、RESTMapper源码分析

2.1 什么是RESTMapper

2.2 什么是RESTMapping

2.3 什么是RESTScope

2.4 DefaultRESTMapper

3、总结

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