六、多层继承
故事：N年后，daqiu⽼了，想要把所有技术传承给⾃⼰的徒弟。
class Master(object):
def __init__(self):
self.kongfu = '[古法煎饼果⼦配⽅]'
def make_cake(self):
print(f'运⽤{self.kongfu}制作煎饼果⼦')
class School(object):
def __init__(self):
self.kongfu = '[⿊⻢煎饼果⼦配⽅]'
def make_cake(self):
print(f'运⽤{self.kongfu}制作煎饼果⼦')
class Prentice(School, Master):
def __init__(self):
self.kongfu = '[独创煎饼果⼦配⽅]'
def make_cake(self):
self.__init__()
print(f'运⽤{self.kongfu}制作煎饼果⼦')
def make_master_cake(self):
Master.__init__(self)
Master.make_cake(self)
def make_school_cake(self):
School.__init__(self)
School.make_cake(self)
# 徒孙类
class Tusun(Prentice):
pass
xiaoqiu = Tusun()
xiaoqiu.make_cake()
xiaoqiu.make_school_cake()
xiaoqiu.make_master_cake()
七、super()调⽤⽗类⽅法
class Master(object):
def __init__(self):
self.kongfu = '[古法煎饼果⼦配⽅]'
def make_cake(self):
print(f'运⽤{self.kongfu}制作煎饼果⼦')
class School(Master):
def __init__(self):
self.kongfu = '[⿊⻢煎饼果⼦配⽅]'
def make_cake(self):
print(f'运⽤{self.kongfu}制作煎饼果⼦')
# ⽅法2.1
# super(School, self).__init__()
# super(School, self).make_cake()
# ⽅法2.2
super().__init__()
super().make_cake()
class Prentice(School):
def __init__(self):
self.kongfu = '[独创煎饼果⼦技术]'
def make_cake(self):
self.__init__()
print(f'运⽤{self.kongfu}制作煎饼果⼦')
# ⼦类调⽤⽗类的同名⽅法和属性：把⽗类的同名属性和⽅法再次封装
def make_master_cake(self):
Master.__init__(self)
Master.make_cake(self)
def make_school_cake(self):
School.__init__(self)
School.make_cake(self)
# ⼀次性调⽤⽗类的同名属性和⽅法
def make_old_cake(self):
# ⽅法⼀：代码冗余；⽗类类名如果变化，这⾥代码需要频繁修改
# Master.__init__(self)
# Master.make_cake(self)
# School.__init__(self)
# School.make_cake(self)
# ⽅法⼆: super()
# ⽅法2.1 super(当前类名, self).函数()
# super(Prentice, self).__init__()
# super(Prentice, self).make_cake()
# ⽅法2.2 super().函数()
super().__init__()
super().make_cake()
daqiu = Prentice()
daqiu.make_old_cake()
注意：使⽤super() 可以⾃动查找⽗类。调⽤顺序遵循 __mro__ 类属性的顺序。⽐较适合单继承使⽤。
八、私有权限
8.1 定义私有属性和⽅法
在Python中，可以为实例属性和⽅法设置私有权限，即设置某个实例属性或实例⽅法不继承给⼦类。
故事：daqiu把技术传承给徒弟的同时，不想把⾃⼰的钱(2000000个亿)继承给徒弟，这个时候就要为 钱 这个实例属性设置私有权限。
设置私有权限的⽅法：在属性名和⽅法名 前⾯ 加上两个下划线 __。
class Master(object):
def __init__(self):
self.kongfu = '[古法煎饼果⼦配⽅]'
def make_cake(self):
print(f'运⽤{self.kongfu}制作煎饼果⼦')
class School(object):
def __init__(self):
self.kongfu = '[⿊⻢煎饼果⼦配⽅]'
def make_cake(self):
print(f'运⽤{self.kongfu}制作煎饼果⼦')
class Prentice(School, Master):
def __init__(self):
self.kongfu = '[独创煎饼果⼦配⽅]'
# 定义私有属性
self.__money = 2000000
# 定义私有⽅法
def __info_print(self):
print(self.kongfu)
print(self.__money)
def make_cake(self):
self.__init__()
print(f'运⽤{self.kongfu}制作煎饼果⼦')
def make_master_cake(self):
Master.__init__(self)
Master.make_cake(self)
def make_school_cake(self):
School.__init__(self)
School.make_cake(self)
# 徒孙类
class Tusun(Prentice):
pass
daqiu = Prentice()
# 对象不能访问私有属性和私有⽅法
# print(daqiu.__money)
# daqiu.__info_print()
xiaoqiu = Tusun()
# ⼦类⽆法继承⽗类的私有属性和私有⽅法
# print(xiaoqiu.__money) # ⽆法访问实例属性__money
# xiaoqiu.__info_print()
注意：私有属性和私有⽅法只能在类⾥⾯访问和修改
8.2 获取和修改私有属性值
在Python中，⼀般定义函数名 get_xx ⽤来获取私有属性，定义 set_xx ⽤来修改私有属性值。
class Master(object):
def __init__(self):
self.kongfu = '[古法煎饼果⼦配⽅]'
def make_cake(self):
print(f'运⽤{self.kongfu}制作煎饼果⼦')
class School(object):
def __init__(self):
self.kongfu = '[⿊⻢煎饼果⼦配⽅]'
def make_cake(self):
print(f'运⽤{self.kongfu}制作煎饼果⼦')
class Prentice(School, Master):
def __init__(self):
self.kongfu = '[独创煎饼果⼦配⽅]'
self.__money = 2000000
# 获取私有属性
def get_money(self):
return self.__money
# 修改私有属性
def set_money(self):
self.__money = 500
def __info_print(self):
print(self.kongfu)
print(self.__money)
def make_cake(self):
self.__init__()
print(f'运⽤{self.kongfu}制作煎饼果⼦')
def make_master_cake(self):
Master.__init__(self)
Master.make_cake(self)
def make_school_cake(self):
School.__init__(self)
School.make_cake(self)
# 徒孙类
class Tusun(Prentice):
pass
daqiu = Prentice()
xiaoqiu = Tusun()
# 调⽤get_money函数获取私有属性money的值
print(xiaoqiu.get_money())
# 调⽤set_money函数修改私有属性money的值
xiaoqiu.set_money()
print(xiaoqiu.get_money())
