Python：matplotlib分组Bar柱状图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


def get_data(size):
    border = 80
    x = np.linspace(start=1, stop=size, endpoint=True, num=size, dtype=)
    # x = np.arange(start=1, stop=size+1, step=1, dtype=)
    y1 = np.random.randint(low=border, high=100, size=size)
    y2 = np.random.randint(low=50, high=border, size=size)
    ret = (x, y1, y2)
    return ret


def text_value(ax, bar):
    for rect in bar:
        height = rect.get_height()
        ax.annotate(text='{}'.format(height),
                    xy=(rect.get_x() + rect.get_width() / 2, height),  # 放置文本的坐标位置
                    xytext=(0, 10),  # 竖直方向再偏移10个point
                    textcoords="offset points",
                    size=35,
                    color='purple',
                    horizontalalignment='center',
                    verticalalignment='bottom')


def main():
    plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']  # 中文乱码
    plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False  # 正负号

    data = get_data(5)

    x = data[0]
    y1 = data[1]
    y2 = data[2]

    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(15, 10))

    bar_width = 0.4  # 每个柱Bar的宽度
    b1 = ax.bar(x=x - bar_width / 2, height=y1, width=bar_width, label='柱1', color='blue', edgecolor='yellow')
    b2 = ax.bar(x=x + bar_width / 2, height=y2, width=bar_width, label='柱2', color='green', edgecolor='red')

    ax.set_title('分组Bar柱状图', color='red', size=30)
    ax.set_xlabel('X坐标轴', size=35, color='black')
    ax.set_ylabel('Y坐标轴', size=30, color='green')

    ax.set_xticks(x)
    ax.set_xticklabels(labels=list('zhang'), rotation=-45, size=35, color='gray')
    ax.set_yticks(ticks=np.linspace(start=30, stop=120, endpoint=True, num=10, dtype=))

    ax.legend(loc='upper right')

    text_value(ax, b1)
    text_value(ax, b2)

    # 顶部和右部的边框线消失
    ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
    ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
    ax.spines['left'].set_color('red')
    ax.spines['left'].set_linewidth(5)
    ax.spines['bottom'].set_linewidth(10)

    fig.tight_layout(h_pad=None)

    # 画网格
    # ax.grid(axis='x', linestyle='--', linewidth=3, color='red')  # 显示竖直的网格线
    ax.grid(axis='y', linestyle=':', linewidth=1, color='gray', which='major')  # 显示水平的网格线

    ax.axhline(y=80, xmin=0, xmax=0.5, linestyle='--', linewidth=15, color='red')  # 水平加强线
    ax.axvline(x=4, ymin=0, ymax=1, linestyle='--', linewidth=15, color='yellow')  # 竖直加强线

    plt.show()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

输出结果如图：