安装
pip install flask-sqlalchemy pip install flask-mysqldb
flask-sqlalchemy
模型类 -> sql 数据库结果 -> 模型类
数据库驱动
# python3 pip install pymysql pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb() # python2 pip install MySQL-Python
数据库设置
# 1、数据库连接 app.config["SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI"] = "msyql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/db_name" # 2、自动提交(不推荐) app.config["SQLALCHEMY_COMMIT_ON_TEARDOWN"] = True # 3、修改自动跟踪 app.config["SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS"] = True # 4、显示原始SQL app.config["SQLALCHEMY_ECHO"] = True
代码示例
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from flask import Flask from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy # 配置参数 class Config(object): SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = "mysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/demo" SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = True # SQLALCHEMY_ECHO = True app = Flask(__name__) app.config.from_object(Config) db = SQLAlchemy(app) # 创建数据库模型类 class Role(db.Model): """用户角色""" __tablename__ = "tbl_roles" id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True) name = db.Column(db.String(32), unique=True) users = db.relationship("User", backref="role") def __repr__(self): return "<Role name: {}>".format(self.name) class User(db.Model): """用户表""" __tablename__ = "tbl_users" # 表名 id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True) # 整型主键默认自增 name = db.Column(db.String(64), unique=True) email = db.Column(db.String(128), unique=True) password = db.Column(db.String(128)) role_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey("tbl_roles.id")) def __repr__(self): return "<User name: {}>".format(self.name) if __name__ == '__main__': # 删除表 db.drop_all() # 创建表 db.create_all()
创建数据
# 1、创建一条数据 role1 = Role(name="admin") role2 = Role(name="stuff") db.session.add(role1) db.session.add(role2) db.session.commit() # 2、 一次保存多个数据 user1 = User(name="张三", email="123@qq.com", password="123456", role_id=role1.id) user2 = User(name="李四", email="456@qq.com", password="12345x", role_id=role2.id) user3 = User(name="王五", email="339@qq.com", password="12345y", role_id=role1.id) user4 = User(name="刘能", email="226@qq.com", password="12345v", role_id=role2.id) user5 = User(name="赵四", email="778@qq.com", password="12345b", role_id=role1.id) db.session.add_all([user1, user2, user3, user4, user5]) db.session.commit()
查询数据
# 1、简单查询 rows = Role.query.all() row = Role.query.first() row = Role.query.get(<id>) rows = db.seesion.query(Role).all() row = db.seesion.query(Role).first() row = db.seesion.query(Role).get(<id>) # 2、条件过滤(与关系) row = Role.query.filter(Role.name="张三", Role.role_id=2).first() row = Role.query.filter_by(name="张三", role_id=2).first() # 3、模糊查询(或关系) from sqlalchemy import or_ row = Role.query.filter(or_(Role.name.startswith("张"), Role.role_id=2)).first() # 4、分页 rows = Role.query.offset(2).limit(10).all() # 5、排序 rows = Role.query.order_by("-id").all() rows = Role.query.order_by(Role.id.desc()).all() # 6、分组 from sqlalchemy import func rows = db.session.query(Role.id, func.count(Role.id)).group_by(Role.id) # 7、外键查询 user = User.query.get(1) user.role.name role = Role.query.get(1) role.users
更新数据
# 1、更新对象 user = User.query.get(1) user.name = "python" db.session.add(user) db.session.commit() # 2、直接更新数据 User.query.filter_by(name="张三").update({"name": "python"}) db.session.commit()
删除数据
user = User.query.get(1) db.session.delete(user) db.session.commit()
注意
更新和删除操作先进行查询校验where条件